conjunctival nevus

Conjunctival nevus is a benign melanocytic lesion that arises from the conjunctiva, the thin membrane lining the inner surfaces of the eyelids and covering the white part of the eye. This condition is typically discovered incidentally during routine eye examinations and is generally noncancerous. Although precise prevalence estimates are not available, these lesions are considered uncommon findings. The condition does not usually affect vision or cause significant discomfort.

Individuals with a conjunctival nevus often notice a small, pigmented spot on the eye, which may be identified during a routine checkup. In many cases, the lesion is asymptomatic and does not lead to irritation or other ocular complaints, though some may experience mild cosmetic concerns or occasional irritation. Not all individuals experience symptoms, and there is significant variability in how the nevus appears in terms of size, color, and shape.

The precise genetic basis of conjunctival nevus is currently under investigation, and no specific genes have been definitively linked to its development. There is no established hereditary pattern, suggesting that the lesion most likely arises sporadically as a result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. As such, there are no clear implications for family members related to inheritance.

Currently, management of conjunctival nevus focuses on supportive care and regular monitoring rather than active medical intervention. When the lesion becomes cosmetically concerning or shows signs of change, surgical excision or biopsy may be considered. Treatment decisions are individualized and made in consultation with an eye care team, ensuring that the approach fits the specific clinical situation.

The outlook for individuals with a conjunctival nevus is generally favorable, with the lesion remaining benign in most cases. Outcomes vary depending on the lesion’s characteristics and any associated ocular irritation or cosmetic issues. Outcomes described in medical literature continue to evolve as standards of care improve. Patients are encouraged to remain under regular ophthalmologic surveillance and to consult with a genetic counselor if any concerns about family risk arise.

Clinical trials are underway exploring new treatment approaches for conjunctival nevus. Individuals interested in clinical trials can search ClinicalTrials.gov or consult their care team about eligibility.