Brunner syndrome

Brunner syndrome, also known as monoamine oxidase-A deficiency, is a very rare disorder that affects the way the body processes certain chemical messengers in the brain. It is caused by a deficiency in the enzyme monoamine oxidase-A, which plays an important role in breaking down neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. People with this condition often experience mild intellectual deficits and may show impulsive behaviors and sometimes even violent actions. The condition typically presents in childhood, with symptoms becoming noticeable as developmental and behavioral challenges emerge. This rare condition follows an X-linked recessive pattern, meaning that the gene responsible is located on the X chromosome. Because of this inheritance pattern, the disorder is more commonly observed in males, while females may be carriers and might show milder symptoms. Brunner syndrome is linked to changes in the MAOA gene, and the lack of normal enzyme function is believed to contribute to the behavioral characteristics associated with the condition. Researchers continue to study the disorder to better understand its effects on brain chemistry and behavior.

Common symptoms seen in people with Brunner syndrome include mild intellectual deficits that can affect learning and school performance. Many individuals also show impulsive aggressiveness, and in some cases, violent behavior has been observed. The severity and exact combination of symptoms can vary among people, and behavioral changes are often first noted in childhood, when developmental challenges become evident.

Brunner syndrome is caused by a deficiency in the monoamine oxidase-A enzyme, which is important for the breakdown and regulation of neurotransmitters in the brain. This enzyme deficiency results from changes in the MAOA gene. The condition is inherited in an X-linked recessive manner, meaning that the mutation is carried on the X chromosome. As a result, the condition is more frequently seen in males, who have one X chromosome, while females are more likely to be carriers with variable expressions of symptoms.

Information about treatment is currently limited for this condition.

Information about prognosis is currently limited for this condition.

Information about research is currently limited for this condition.