pancreatic cholera

Pancreatic cholera, also known as Verner Morrison syndrome or watery diarrhea syndrome, is a rare condition that primarily affects the gastrointestinal system. It is characterized by the oversecretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide from the pancreatic islet cells, which disrupts normal digestive function. This hormonal imbalance leads to severe watery diarrhea, low blood potassium levels (hypokalemia), and a marked reduction in stomach acid production (achlorhydria). Because precise prevalence estimates are not well established, the condition is considered rare, and diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and laboratory findings.

Individuals with pancreatic cholera typically experience copious watery diarrhea that can lead to significant dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Hypokalemia, a dangerous drop in blood potassium levels, and achlorhydria, or the absence of stomach acid, are hallmark features that often prompt medical evaluation. Early symptoms generally include acute dehydration and severe electrolyte disturbances, which may necessitate emergency care. That not all individuals experience all features, and the severity of symptoms can vary considerably.

The underlying cause of pancreatic cholera is the excessive secretion of vasoactive intestinal peptide by the pancreatic islet cells. This overproduction disrupts normal gastrointestinal activity and electrolyte balance, leading to the severe diarrhea, hypokalemia, and achlorhydria observed in affected individuals. While a specific genetic mutation has not been identified and there is no established pattern of inheritance, the precise genetic basis is still under investigation. As a result, the condition is thought to result from complex interactions between hormonal regulation and non-genetic factors.

Currently, management of pancreatic cholera centers on supportive care and symptom management. Treatment strategies focus on correcting dehydration with intravenous fluids, restoring electrolyte balance, and managing the acute gastrointestinal symptoms as they occur. Because there are no treatments specifically approved for this condition, care is individualized and typically involves a multidisciplinary team. Patients are encouraged to have regular follow-up appointments and to discuss all available management options, including the potential benefits of genetic counseling, with their healthcare providers.

Outcomes for individuals with pancreatic cholera vary widely and depend on factors such as the severity of acute episodes, the timeliness of intervention, and access to specialized care. With current standards of supportive treatment, many patients recover from acute episodes, although the condition may recur and require ongoing management. Outcomes described in medical literature continue to evolve as standards of care improve. Families often find it helpful to connect with specialists familiar with pancreatic disorders, and genetic counseling can offer additional guidance for managing the condition.