Evans syndrome

Evans syndrome is a rare chronic blood disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own blood cells. People with this condition have two key issues: autoimmune hemolytic anemia, where red blood cells are destroyed, and immune thrombocytopenic purpura, where platelets are targeted, leading to problems like anemia and bleeding. In some cases, there may also be a decrease in white blood cells (autoimmune neutropenia), though this is less common. The disorder is characterized by either the simultaneous or sequential occurrence of these blood cell problems, and it happens in the absence of a known underlying cause. This complex condition is managed by specialists who consider the overall pattern of blood abnormalities when evaluating it.

People with Evans syndrome may experience symptoms related to anemia such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. They might also notice signs of low platelets including easy bruising, bleeding, or petechiae, which are small red or purple spots on the skin. In some cases, a low white blood cell count may lead to a higher risk of infections.

Evans syndrome is caused by an autoimmune reaction in which the body’s immune system mistakenly targets its own blood cells. The specific trigger for this immune response is not well understood and no clear genetic link has been identified. In most cases, no underlying condition explains why the immune system becomes overactive.

Information about treatment is currently limited for this condition.

Information about prognosis is currently limited for this condition.

Information about research is currently limited for this condition.