cutaneous larva migrans

Cutaneous larva migrans is a parasitic skin condition caused by the migration of nematode larvae beneath the skin, leading to distinctive, winding, red tracks. The tracks are generally a few millimeters wide and most commonly occur on the feet, although any area of the body can be affected. Patients typically experience severe, intractable itching that may disrupt sleep, concentration, and mood. Precise prevalence estimates are not available, and the condition is considered uncommon.

Individuals affected by cutaneous larva migrans usually present with intensely itchy, serpiginous or linear red tracks visible on the skin. The migration of the larvae under the skin results in slightly elevated, winding lesions whose length and appearance may vary from person to person. The intense pruritus, or itching, is the most prominent and distressing symptom, sometimes leading to impaired concentration, disrupted sleep, and mood disturbances. Not all individuals experience all features, and severity varies considerably.

Cutaneous larva migrans is not a genetic condition but rather an infection caused by the larval stages of various nematode species. The condition typically results from contact with soil or sand contaminated by animal feces, where the larvae penetrate the skin. Since no genetic factors have been implicated, the development of this condition is primarily linked to environmental exposure rather than inheritance.

Currently, management focuses on supportive care and symptom management since there are no specific FDA-approved treatments linked to this condition. Treatment is tailored to the individual and may include antiparasitic therapies and measures to alleviate severe itching, along with care aimed at preventing secondary skin infections. A multidisciplinary approach is often recommended, and patients should discuss treatment options with their healthcare team to determine the best strategy for their situation.

The outlook for individuals with cutaneous larva migrans is generally positive when appropriate treatment is initiated, and symptoms often resolve with timely intervention. Outcomes vary depending on the severity of the infestation, the duration before treatment, and overall individual health. Outcomes described in medical literature continue to evolve as standards of care improve. Families often find it helpful to connect with dermatologists or infectious disease specialists familiar with skin parasite infections for further guidance and support.

Clinical trials are underway exploring new treatment approaches for cutaneous larva migrans. Individuals interested in clinical trials can search ClinicalTrials.gov or consult their care team about eligibility.